Entry types for references
The different entry types in the Living Reviews citation style are listed below with their required and optional fields. Examples are given in BibTeX.
Contents
- @article
- Article published in a newspaper, journal, magazine, or e-journal.
-
- Required fields:
- author, title, year, journal, volume, pages or eid
- Optional fields:
- url or onlineversion, cited, note, adsurl, eprint, doi, keywords
Example:
@article{PhysicalContent, archiveprefix = {arXiv}, author = {Kozameh, C. and Newman, E.T. and Silva-Ortigoza, G.}, doi = {10.1088/0264-9381/25/14/145001}, eprint = {0802.3314}, eid = {145001}, journal = {Class. Quantum Grav.}, keywords = {Null infinity}, primaryclass = {gr-qc}, title = {On extracting physical content from asymptotically flat spacetime metrics}, volume = {25}, year = {2008} }
- @online
- Resources available online: includes entire websites, animations, or software.
For articles published in an e-journal use entry type “article”.
For articles published only on a preprint server use entry type “preprint”. -
- Optional fields:
- author, year, note, doi, keywords
Example:
@online{PLANCK, cited = {28 August 2008}, format = {project homepage}, keywords = {Cosmology, Cosmic microwave background}, publisher = {European Space Agency}, title = {Planck Home Page}, url = {http://www.rssd.esa.int/index.php?project=PLANCK} }
- @preprint
- Article only available on a preprint server.
-
- Required fields:
- archivePrefix, author, title, year, eprint, cited
- Optional fields:
- note, adsurl, url, doi, keywords
Example:
@preprint{Babak:2008bu, archivePrefix = {arXiv}, author = {Mazur, P.O. and Mottola, E.}, cited = {12 May 2012}, eprint = {gr-qc/0109035}, keywords = {Black holes}, title = {Gravitational condensate stars: An alternative to black holes}, year = {2001} }
- @unpublished
- Print articles not formally published. Includes articles in preparation, submitted or accepted for publication.
-
- Required fields:
- author, title, format
- Optional fields:
- booktitle, conference, year, journal, url or onlineversion, cited, note, adsurl, eprint, keywords
Example:
@unpublished{mech_test_07, author = {Armstrong, J.W. and Estabrook, F.B. and Asmar, S.W. and Iess, L. and Tortora, P.}, cited = {1 December 2007}, format = {submitted}, journal = {Radio Sci.}, keywords = {Mechanical stability}, onlineversion = {http://tmo.jpl.nasa.gov/progress_report/42-165/165F.pdf}, title = {Reducing Antenna Mechanical Noise in Precision Doppler Tracking}, year = {2008} }
- @proceedings
- Conference proceedings (citing the full document).
-
- Required fields:
- editor, title, year, publisher, address
- Optional fields:
- conference, volume, edition, series, number, organization, url or onlineversion, cited, note, adsurl, eprint, doi, gbs_id, keywords
Example:
@proceedings{GAIA, address = {Noordwijk}, cited = {05 September 2008}, conference = {Proceedings of the Symposium held at the Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, 4\,--\,7 October 2004}, editor = {Perryman, M.A.C. and Turon, C. and O'Flaherty, K.S.}, keywords = {GAIA}, onlineversion = {http://www.rssd.esa.int/index.php?project=Gaia&page=Gaia_2004_Proceedings}, publisher = {ESA Publications Division}, series = {ESA Conference Proceedings}, title = {The Three-Dimensional Universe with Gaia}, volume = {SP-576}, year = {2005} }
- @inproceedings
- Paper published in conference proceedings.
-
- Required fields:
- author, editor, title, booktitle, year, publisher, address, pages or id
- Optional fields:
- conference, volume, edition, series, number, organization, url or onlineversion, cited, note, adsurl, eprint, doi, gbs_id, keywords
Example:
@inproceedings{york, address = {Cambridge; New York}, adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1979sgrr.work...83Y}, author = {York Jr, J.W.}, booktitle = {Sources of Gravitational Radiation}, conference = {Proceedings of the Battelle Seattle Workshop, July 24\,--\,August 4, 1978}, editor = {Smarr, L.L.}, keywords = {ADM formalism, Initial value problem}, pages = {83--126}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, title = {Kinematics and Dynamics of General Relativity}, year = {1979} }
- @book
- Book, including a collection of articles published by an editor (citing the full book).
-
- Required fields:
- author or editor, title, year, publisher, address
- Optional fields:
- volume, edition, series, number, url or onlineversion, cited, note, adsurl, eprint, doi, gbs_id, keywords
Example:
@book{gko1995, address = {New York}, author = {Gustafsson, B. and Kreiss, H.-O. and Oliger, J.}, gbs_id = {1JZ2mSQ-O6MC}, keywords = {Boundary conditions, Numerical methods, Numerical mathematics, Differential equations, Initial value problem}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {Time Dependent Problems and Difference Methods}, year = {1995} }
- @inbook
- Specific chapter of a book, where the whole book was written by the same author(s). If the book contains a collection of articles by various authors, rather use entry type “incollection”.
-
- Required fields:
- author, booktitle, year, publisher, address, pages or id
- Optional fields:
- title, volume, edition, series, chapter, number, url or onlineversion, cited, note, adsurl, eprint, doi, gbs_id, keywords
Example:
@inbook{korn-61, address = {New York}, author = {Korn, G.A. and Korn, T.M.}, booktitle = {Mathematical Handbook for Scientists and Engineers: Definitions, Theorems, and Formulas for Reference and Review}, chapter = {6}, keywords = {Mathematical methods, Mathematical physics}, pages = {179--186}, publisher = {McGraw-Hill}, year = {1961} }
- @incollection
- Usually a specific chapter of a book which is a collection of articles by various authors. If you want to cite the whole book, use entry type “book”. If the whole book was written by the same auhtor(s), use entry type “inbook”.
-
- Required fields:
- author, editor, title, booktitle, year, publisher, address, pages or id
- Optional fields:
- volume, edition, series, chapter, number, url or onlineversion, cited, note, adsurl, eprint, doi, gbs_id, keywords
Example:
@incollection{DAMOUR1987, address = {Cambridge; New York}, author = {Damour, T.}, booktitle = {Three Hundred Years of Gravitation}, editor = {Hawking, S.W. and Israel, W.}, keywords = {Post-Newtonian approximations, Equations of motion}, pages = {128--198}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, title = {The problem of motion in Newtonian and Einsteinian gravity}, year = {1987} }
- @phdthesis
- Doctoral thesis or Habilitational thesis.
-
- Required fields:
- author, title, year, school, address
- Optional fields:
- url or onlineversion, cited, note, adsurl, eprint, doi, keywords
Example:
@phdthesis{belath, address = {Pittsburgh}, adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000PhDT........33S}, author = {Szil{\'{a}}gyi, B.}, keywords = {Initial value problem, Null surfaces, Numerical methods}, school = {University of Pittsburgh}, title = {Cauchy-characteristic matching in general relativity}, year = {2000} }
- @techreport
- Technical report.
-
- Required fields:
- title, year, publisher, address
- Optional fields:
- author, editor, number url or onlineversion, cited, series, note, adsurl, eprint, doi, keywords
Example:
@techreport{bipm, address = {Paris}, collaboration = {Organisation Intergouvernementale de la Convention du M\`etre}, edition = {8th}, onlineversion = {http://www.bipm.org/en/si/si_brochure/general.html}, publisher = {Bureau International des Poids et Mesures}, title = {The International System of Units (SI)}, year = {2006} }
- @newspaperarticle
- Article published in a daily newspaper.
-
- Required fields:
- title, year, month, day, newspaper, pages or id
- Optional fields:
- author, pages, url or onlineversion, cited, note, adsurl, eprint, doi, keywords
Example:
@newspaperarticle{nyt33, author = {Anon.}, day = {5}, keywords = {Astronomy}, month = {May}, newspaper = {New York Times}, title = {New radio waves traced to centre of the Milky Way}, year = {1933} }
- @misc
- Catchall category to use for, e.g. private communication, but also CD-ROMs, etc.
If an online version is available use entry type “online”. -
- Required fields:
- author, format
- Optional fields:
- title, year, month, note, adsurl, keywords
Example:
@misc{cor08, author = {Cordes, J.M.}, format = {personal communication}, keywords = {Interstellar medium}, title = {New model of NE2001 in preparation}, year = {2008} }