A Geometric Characterization of Fischer's Baby Monster
Alexander A. Ivanov
DOI: 10.1023/A:1022433314190
Abstract
The sporadic simple group F 2 known as Fischer's Baby Monster acts flag-transitively on a rank 5 P-geometry G( F 2 ) \mathcal{G}(F_2 ) . P-geometries are geometries with string diagrams, all of whose nonempty edges except one are projective planes of order 2 and one terminal edge is the geometry of the Petersen graph. Let K \mathcal{K} be a flag-transitive P-geometry of rank 5. Suppose that each proper residue of K \mathcal{K} is isomorphic to the corresponding residue in G( F 2 ) \mathcal{G}(F_2 ) . We show that in this case K \mathcal{K} is isomorphic to G( F 2 ) \mathcal{G}(F_2 ) . This result realizes a step in classification of the flag-transitive P-geometries and also plays an important role in the characterization of the Fischer-Griess Monster in terms of its 2-local parabolic geometry.
Pages: 45–69
Keywords: sporadic group; diagram geometry; simple connectedness; amalgams of groups
Full Text: PDF
References
1. J. Bierbrauer, "A characterization of the Baby monster group F2, including a note on 2E6(2)," Journal of Algebra, vol. 56, pp. 384-395, 1979.
2. F. Buekenhout, "Diagram geometries for sporadic groups," Contemporary Mathematics, vol. 45, pp. 1-32, 1985.
3. J.H. Conway, "Three lectures on exceptional groups," in MB. Powell and G. Higman (eds.), Finite Simple Groups, Academic Press, New York, pp. 215-247, 1971.
4. J. Conway et al.: Atlas of Finite Groups, Oxford University Press, New York, 1985.
5. R.L. Griess, "The Friendly Giant," Invent. Mathematics, vol. 69, 1982, pp. 1-102.
6. D.G. Higman, "A monomial character of Fischer's Baby Monster," in F. Gross (ed.) Proc. Conf. Finite Groups, Academic Press, New York, pp 277-283, 1976.
7. A.A. Ivanov, "On 2-transitive graphs of girth 5," European Journal of Combinatorics, vol. 8, pp. 393-420, 1987.
8. A.A. Ivanov, "Graphs of girth 5 and diagram geometries related to the Petersen graph," Soviet Mathematika Doklady, vol. 36, pp. 83-87, 1988.
9. A.A Ivanov, "A presentation for J4," Proc. London Mathematical Society (3), vol. 64, pp. 369-396, 1992.
10. A.A Ivanov, "A geometric characterization of the Monster," Proc. Symp. "Groups and Combinatorics, " Durham, NC, July 1990 (to appear).
11. A.A Ivanov, "Geometric presentations of groups with an application to the Monster," Proc. ICM-90, Kyoto, Japan, 1990, vol. 2, pp. 385-395, Springer-Verlag, 1991.
12. A.A Ivanov, "A characterization of the P-geometry Q(F2)," in 2nd Japan Conference on Graph Theory and Combinatorics, Hakone, Japan, pp. 1-2, August 1990.
13. A.A. Ivanov and S.V. Shpectorov, "Geometries for sporadic groups related to the Petersen graph, II," European Journal of Combinatorics, vol. 10, pp. 347-361, 1989.
14. A.A Ivanov and S.V. Shpectorov, "Universal representations of P-geometries from F2-series," Journal of Algebra (to appear).
15. J.S. Leon and C.C. Sims, "The existence and uniqueness of a simple group generated by {3,4}- transpositions," Bulletin of the American Mathematics Society, vol. 83, pp. 1039-1040, 1977.
16. T. Meixner, "Some polar towers," European Journal of Combinatorics, vol. 12, pp. 397-416, 1991.
17. S.P. Norton, "Constructing the Monster," Proc. Sump. Groups and Combinatorics, Durham, NC, July 1990 (to appear).
18. S.P. Norton and R.A, Wilson, "The maximal subgroups of F4(2) and its automorphism group," Communications in Algebra, vol. 17, pp. 2809-2824, 1989.
19. A. Pasini, "Flag-transitive Buekenhout geometries," in Combinatorics 90: Recent trends and applications, Annals of Discrete Math., Elsevier Science Publ. (to appear)
20. M.A. Ronan and S. Smith, "2-local geometries for some sporadic groups," in Proc. Symp. Pure Mathematics, no. 37, Santa Cruz, CA, 1979.
21. M.A. Ronan and G. Stroth, "Minimal parabolic geometries for the sporadic groups," European Journal of Combinatorics, vol. 5, pp. 59-91, 1984.
22. Y. Segev, "On the uniqueness of Fischer's Baby Monster," Preprint, 1990.
23. S.V. Spectorov, "On geometries with the diagram Pn,** Preprint, 1988.
24. S.V. Spectorov, Private communication, 1990.
25. G. Stroth, "A characterization of Fischer's sporadic group of order 241 \bullet 313 \bullet 56 \bullet 72 \bullet 11 \bullet 13 \bullet 17 \bullet 19 . 23 . 31 . 47," Journal of Algebra, vol. 40, pp. 499-531, 1976.
26. J. Tits, "Buildings of spherical type and finite BN-pairs," Lecture Notes Mathematics, vol. 386, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1974.
27. J. Tits, "A local approach to buildings," in The Geometric Vein, Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 519-547, 1981.
28. R.A. Wilson, "The maximal subgroups of Conway's group ,2," Journal of Algebra, vol. 84, pp. 107-114, 1983.
2. F. Buekenhout, "Diagram geometries for sporadic groups," Contemporary Mathematics, vol. 45, pp. 1-32, 1985.
3. J.H. Conway, "Three lectures on exceptional groups," in MB. Powell and G. Higman (eds.), Finite Simple Groups, Academic Press, New York, pp. 215-247, 1971.
4. J. Conway et al.: Atlas of Finite Groups, Oxford University Press, New York, 1985.
5. R.L. Griess, "The Friendly Giant," Invent. Mathematics, vol. 69, 1982, pp. 1-102.
6. D.G. Higman, "A monomial character of Fischer's Baby Monster," in F. Gross (ed.) Proc. Conf. Finite Groups, Academic Press, New York, pp 277-283, 1976.
7. A.A. Ivanov, "On 2-transitive graphs of girth 5," European Journal of Combinatorics, vol. 8, pp. 393-420, 1987.
8. A.A. Ivanov, "Graphs of girth 5 and diagram geometries related to the Petersen graph," Soviet Mathematika Doklady, vol. 36, pp. 83-87, 1988.
9. A.A Ivanov, "A presentation for J4," Proc. London Mathematical Society (3), vol. 64, pp. 369-396, 1992.
10. A.A Ivanov, "A geometric characterization of the Monster," Proc. Symp. "Groups and Combinatorics, " Durham, NC, July 1990 (to appear).
11. A.A Ivanov, "Geometric presentations of groups with an application to the Monster," Proc. ICM-90, Kyoto, Japan, 1990, vol. 2, pp. 385-395, Springer-Verlag, 1991.
12. A.A Ivanov, "A characterization of the P-geometry Q(F2)," in 2nd Japan Conference on Graph Theory and Combinatorics, Hakone, Japan, pp. 1-2, August 1990.
13. A.A. Ivanov and S.V. Shpectorov, "Geometries for sporadic groups related to the Petersen graph, II," European Journal of Combinatorics, vol. 10, pp. 347-361, 1989.
14. A.A Ivanov and S.V. Shpectorov, "Universal representations of P-geometries from F2-series," Journal of Algebra (to appear).
15. J.S. Leon and C.C. Sims, "The existence and uniqueness of a simple group generated by {3,4}- transpositions," Bulletin of the American Mathematics Society, vol. 83, pp. 1039-1040, 1977.
16. T. Meixner, "Some polar towers," European Journal of Combinatorics, vol. 12, pp. 397-416, 1991.
17. S.P. Norton, "Constructing the Monster," Proc. Sump. Groups and Combinatorics, Durham, NC, July 1990 (to appear).
18. S.P. Norton and R.A, Wilson, "The maximal subgroups of F4(2) and its automorphism group," Communications in Algebra, vol. 17, pp. 2809-2824, 1989.
19. A. Pasini, "Flag-transitive Buekenhout geometries," in Combinatorics 90: Recent trends and applications, Annals of Discrete Math., Elsevier Science Publ. (to appear)
20. M.A. Ronan and S. Smith, "2-local geometries for some sporadic groups," in Proc. Symp. Pure Mathematics, no. 37, Santa Cruz, CA, 1979.
21. M.A. Ronan and G. Stroth, "Minimal parabolic geometries for the sporadic groups," European Journal of Combinatorics, vol. 5, pp. 59-91, 1984.
22. Y. Segev, "On the uniqueness of Fischer's Baby Monster," Preprint, 1990.
23. S.V. Spectorov, "On geometries with the diagram Pn,** Preprint, 1988.
24. S.V. Spectorov, Private communication, 1990.
25. G. Stroth, "A characterization of Fischer's sporadic group of order 241 \bullet 313 \bullet 56 \bullet 72 \bullet 11 \bullet 13 \bullet 17 \bullet 19 . 23 . 31 . 47," Journal of Algebra, vol. 40, pp. 499-531, 1976.
26. J. Tits, "Buildings of spherical type and finite BN-pairs," Lecture Notes Mathematics, vol. 386, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1974.
27. J. Tits, "A local approach to buildings," in The Geometric Vein, Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 519-547, 1981.
28. R.A. Wilson, "The maximal subgroups of Conway's group ,2," Journal of Algebra, vol. 84, pp. 107-114, 1983.