The sequence
A000975 in the
Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences can be
defined by
A1 = 1,
An+1 = 2
An
if
n is odd, and
An+1 = 2
An+1
if
n is
even. This sequence satisfies other recurrence relations, admits some
closed formulas, and is known to enumerate several interesting families
of objects. We provide a new interpretation of this sequence using a
binary operation defined by
a ⊖
b := -
a -
b. We show that the number of
distinct results obtained by inserting parentheses in the expression
x0 ⊖
x1 ⊖ · ·
· ⊖
xn equals
An,
by investigating the leaf depth in binary
trees. Our result can be viewed as a quantitative measurement for the
nonassociativity of the binary operation .
Received May 27 2017; revised versions received August 31 2017; October
13 2017. Published in Journal of Integer Sequences,
October 29 2017.